Hyderabad September 2017: Taking action all over the world your heart
powers your whole body. It lets you love, laugh and live your life to the full.
That’s why it’s so important to look after it. If you don’t, you’re putting
yourself at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart disease
and stroke. CVD is the world’s number one killer. Each year, it’s responsible
for 17.5 million premature deaths, and by 2030 this is expected to rise to 23
million
.
But the good
news is that much CVD can be prevented by making just a few simple daily
changes, like eating and drinking more healthily, getting more exercise and
stopping smoking.
This World
Heart Day, we’re asking you to share how you power your heart and inspire
millions of people around the world to be heart healthy. So let’s make sure we
all take action to keep our hearts charged and make a lasting difference to our
health.
Fuel your
heart. Move your heart. Love your heart. And share the power.
EXERCISE:
One of every 2 individuals in the ICMR-INDIAB study was considered physically inactive.
In general, advise adults to engage in aerobic physical activity to lower
BP: 3-4
sessions a week lasting on average 40 minutes per session and involving
physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity. . However, in a large
study conducted in industrial settings, leisure-time physical activity showed
an inverse social gradient (ie, higher levels of physical inactivity among
lower educational status)
DIET: Advise
adults who would benefit from BP lowering to consume a dietary pattern that
emphasizes intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; includes low-fat
dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts;
and limits intake of sweets, SSBs, and red meat
CHILDREN:
Consequently, rates of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and lipid abnormalities
associated with obesity are rising—trends that are particularly evident in
children.
Members of LOWER
SOCIOECONOMIC GROUPS suffering the highest rates of CHD and the highest levels
of various risk factors
RURAL: A
study in rural India, for example, found that 51% of all CVD deaths occurred in
individuals younger
Than 70
years of age.
OBESITY: In
1980, the worldwide obesity prevalence rate was 4.8% in men and 7.9% in women.
By 2008, prevalence rates had nearly doubled to 9.8% in men and 13.8% in women.
NUTRITION :One of the best
studied dietary approaches in cardiology is
the Mediterranean-style diet—a relatively simple
diet plan that includes increased intake of
vegetables and fruit, preference for whole
grains over refined, reduced red meat and
increased fish consumption, and predominant use
of olive and canola oil. . Dark
green leafy vegetables, including spinach
and kale, are especially cardioprotective,
probably in part because of their
high folate
PREMATURE
MORTALITY in terms of years of life lost because of CVD in India increased by
59%, from 23.2 million (1990) to 37 million (2010).
TRANSITION
:In a short timeframe, the predominant epidemiological characteristics have
transitioned from infectious diseases, diseases of undernutrition, and maternal
and childhood diseases to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
IHD : The
prevalence of IHD in 1960 in urban India was 2%, and increased 7-fold to ≈14%
by 2013
RHEUMATIC
HEART DISEASE also continues to be a problem in several parts of India, with an
estimated 88674 deaths (7 per 100 000 population) in the year 2010
TOBACCO :It
is estimated that, currently, 275 million individuals aged ≥15 years consume
tobacco in India.The mortality burden attributable to tobacco in India is huge,
because it is estimated to cause nearly 1 million deaths annually.It is
alarming that tobacco use is increasing rapidly among young individuals (20–35
years) in India,53 with a steeper rate of increase among those with lower
education
HYPERTENSION
:Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, also show that low
educational status is associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and
control of hypertension
DIADETES : In
2013, the International Diabetes Federation estimated that 65.1 million people
in India had diabetes mellitus, a high proportion of whom were adults of
working age.
LIPIDS :In
the ICMR-INDIAB study, a large proportion of people had at least 1 lipid
abnormality; only 20% had all lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol) within the normal range.
MOTHER :Maternal
malnutrition, placental insufficiency, and the resulting fetal programming have
been hypothesized to be associated with low-muscle–high-fat body composition
(thin-fat child
TAX : l
benefits could be gained by imposing taxes on tobacco, palm oil, and
sugar-sweetened beverages in India. It is estimated that a 20% tax on
sugar-sweetened beverages would reduce overweight and obesity prevalence by 3%
and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by 2%.106 Similarly, a 20% tax on
palm oil purchases is expected to avert ≈363000 deaths (a 1.3% absolute
reduction in CVD deaths) from myocardial infarctions (MIs) and strokes over a
period of 10 years.10
bidis, which
are commonly used by Indians, are not adequately taxed because their
manufacture is defined as a small-scale industry.
SCREENING : The
National Program for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes,
Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke was launched as a pilot project in 10
districts of 10 states of India (January 2008) and focuses on screening for
risk factors, health promotion, and health education advocacy at various
settings.
33% better
adherence with the polypill in comparison with the standard treatment
ARRIVA TO HOSPITAL:. In the CREATE registry,
patients arrived at hospitals very late (mean time of symptom to hospital
presentation was 360 minutes), leading to poorer outcomes and higher case
fatality .Furthermore, only 41% and 13% received thrombolytic treatment and
percutaneous coronary interventions, respectively.
ADHERENCE TO
MEDICATIONS : using community health
workers to improve adherence to medications and lifestyle advice for secondary
prevention of ACS (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01207700) with usual care
YOGA-BASED
CARDIAC REHABILITATION program may decreased the incidence of major cardiovascular events
and mortality
Because RECIDIVISM
is common, patients need continual encouragement from their physicians and
support from
family and peers
